Environmental Properties of Minerals and Contaminants Purified by the Mineralogical Method   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LU Anhuai School of Earth  Space Sciences  Peking University  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):191-202

The investigation of the environmental properties of minerals, i.e., environmental mineralogy, is a branch of science dealing with interactions between natural minerals and spheres of the Earth surface as well as a reflection of global change, prevention of ecological destruction, participation in biomineralogy, and remediation of environmental pollution. Pollutant treatment by natural minerals is based on the natural law and reflects natural self-purification functions in the inorganic world, similar to that of the organic world - a biological treatment. A series of case studies related to natural self-purification, which were mostly completed by our group, are discussed in this paper. In natural cryptomelane there is a larger pseudotetragonal tunnel than that formed by [MnO6] octahedral double chains, with an aperture of 0.462-0.466 nm2, filled with K cations. Cryptomelane might be a real naturally-occurring mineral of the active octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2). CrⅥ-bearing wastewater can be treate  相似文献   

Simplified evaluation for swelling characteristics of bentonites   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Hideo Komine   《Engineering Geology》2004,71(3-4):265-279

Bentonite is currently planned to be used as buffer and backfill materials for repositories of high-level nuclear waste because these materials must have the swelling characteristics to seal the waste. In the design for buffer and backfill materials, we must choose the adequate bentonite among many kinds of bentonite in the world. The database of the swelling characteristics of various bentonites and its evaluation will be available when we will select the adequate bentonite. For this purpose, this study performed the laboratory tests on the swelling pressure and swelling deformation of four kinds of bentonite produced in Japan and the United States. These bentonites have different physicochemical properties. This study investigated the characteristics of swelling pressure and swelling deformation from the viewpoint of the physicochemical properties of each bentonite. Furthermore, this study also proposed the simplified evaluation of swelling characteristics of various bentonites on the basis of microscopic analysis.  相似文献   

Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from Wastewater Using Acidified Sewage Sludge Ash     

Gan Yiqun  Wang Yanxin  Zhang Congjun 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(3)

Sewage sludge ash (SSA), the waste generated in sewage sludge incineration, was obtained from Wuhan Sewage Treatment Plant and used as a low-cost sorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewaters. The sorbent was first modified with 5 % sulfuric acid to increase its sorption capacity. The specific surface area, porosity, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and pHZPC of the sorbent were measured. Batch experiments were made to study the effect of contact time, solution pH value and temperature on sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the Cu(Ⅱ) sorption process, with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.993 4 and 0.989 9 respectively. And the sorption process follows the Lagergren first order kinetic model. The equilibrium sorption capacity of acidified SSA to Cu(Ⅱ) is estimated to be 7.78 mg/g under optimal conditions.  相似文献   

青铜文物腐蚀过程中的次生矿物   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈璋如  刘月妙  范光  孙淑云  李延祥 《矿物岩石》2004,24(1):10-13

产于不同环境不同地方的青铜文物经矿相显微镜观察、电子探针成分分析和X射线衍射研究表明，在青铜文物腐蚀层中观察到次生矿物——赤铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿、白铅矿和锡石。由上述矿物组成的腐蚀层在青铜器表面形成保护层。腐蚀层细分为红色赤铜矿层、绿色碳酸盐矿物层和黄色锡石层组成，其厚度小于1mm。青铜合金在潮湿条件下的腐蚀比在干旱条件下要严重，另外青铜合金是适用于作高放废物地质处置系统中的废物罐的候选材质。  相似文献   

PPGIS及其在加拿大安大略省核废料处理选址项目中的应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘政荣 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(1):82-85

介绍了公众参与地理信息系统，给出了一个应用项目——加拿大安大略省核废料处理设施选址公众参与地理信息系统。  相似文献   

漳河上游入河排污口调查与分析     

于焕民 《地下水》2005,27(6):429-432

本文在调查、分析了漳河上游入河排污口分布、度污水入河量及污染物入河量的基础上,提出了对入河排污口的治理措施及管理办法.  相似文献   

Environmental impact of uncontrolled waste disposal in mining and industrial areas in Central Germany   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

P. Schreck 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(1):66-72

The present-day landscape in Central Germany, in particular the region of Leipzig, Halle and Bitterfeld, is characterized by the scars of former industrial activities. Vast districts have been devastated by lignite strip mining. Industrial and domestic waste, residues from ore smelting, and highly toxic waste products from petrochemical plants and pesticide production were deposited in abandoned pits near population centers. The chief effects of waste on the environment are the contamination of groundwater by dissolved pollutants, the acidification of soil and water by the oxidation of pyrite-containing mining waste, and the salinization of shallow aquifers by rising brines from adjacent confined groundwater affected by mining. The consequences for the region are serious: mining lakes used for recreational purposes are contaminated by leachates from adjacent waste dumps. Pyrite-containing refuse from lignite mining under oxidation gives rise to the acidification of surface and groundwater, a basic condition for pollutant mobilization. In former metal mining districts, metalliferous and radioactive residues from smelting jeopardize public health. These effects are described in detail using three case studies. Received: 30 July 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997  相似文献   

高放废物处置库预选场地地学信息库的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李军  樊艾 《铀矿地质》1998,14(2):107-111

本文以高放废物处置库预选场地甘肃北山玉门镇地学信息库的建立为例,详细阐述了地理信息系统在高放废物地质处置中的应用,并在此基础上分析了其应用前景,为不同层次的管理、科研人员提供了全新思路;介绍了将地理信息系统技术引入图件和资料管理的优点。  相似文献   

山西（交城）花岗岩体地质环境与理化特征研究     

李春江  李书绅 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(4):46-49

本论文对交城花岗岩体的地质环境、工程力学和理化特征作了初步研究。认为交城岗花岩体的地质构造稳定、水文地质条件良好,岩性均匀,故选择交城花岗岩作为研究主岩,并对典型核素在填隙物和花岗岩上的吸附性能进行了试验。  相似文献   

Flow of groundwater with variable density and viscosity, Atikokan Research Area, Canada     

Duke U. Ophori 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(2):193-203

 Flow of groundwater with variable density and viscosity was simulated at the Atikokan Research Area (ARA) in northwestern Ontario, Canada. An empirical viscosity–concentration equation was modified to include total-dissolved-solids (TDS) data from the ARA. The resulting equation was used successfully to estimate reasonably accurate viscosity values over the expected range of temperature and concentration, in comparison with experimental values derived for sodium chloride solutions. A three-dimensional finite-element code, MOTIF, developed by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, was used in the simulations. The inclusion of the effects of depth-increasing temperature and TDS-dependent fluid-density distribution, while maintaining only a temperature-dependent viscosity relationship in a simulation, resulted in a more penetrative flow against expected buoyancy effects (i.e., the physics of the system was not honored). Accounting for concentration in the viscosity equation caused water to be less penetrative and more in accordance with the expected physics of the system. A conclusion is that fluid concentration should be considered simultaneously in calculating the density and viscosity of a fluid during modeling of variable-density flow in areas underlain by fluids with high TDS. Results of simulations suggest that both flow directions and magnitudes should be employed simultaneously during the calibration of a model. Large-scale groundwater movement in the ARA may be analyzed with carefully selected vertical no-flow boundaries. By incorporating the geothermal temperature gradient, groundwater recharge increases by 12%; thus, this gradient plays a significant role in groundwater flow at the ARA. Variability in the fluid concentration at the ARA neither decreases nor increases recharge into the groundwater system. The hypothesis that an isolated continuous regional flow system may exist at depth in the ARA is not supported by these simulations. Received, September 1996 Revised, September 1997, February 1998 Accepted, February 1998  相似文献